JAVA EXAMPLE PROGRAMS

JAVA EXAMPLE PROGRAMS

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Queue introduction & array based implementation


A queue is a kind of abstract data type or collection in which the entities in the collection are kept in order and the only operations on the collection are the addition of entities to the rear terminal position, called as enqueue, and removal of entities from the front terminal position, called as dequeue. The queue is called as First-In-First-Out (FIFO) data structure. In a FIFO data structure, the first element added to the queue will be the first one to be removed. This is equivalent to the requirement that once a new element is added, all elements that were added before have to be removed before the new element can be removed. Often a peek or front operation is also entered, returning the value of the front element without dequeuing it. A queue is an example of a linear data structure, or more abstractly a sequential collection.

Queues provide services in computer science, transport, and operations research where various entities such as data, objects, persons, or events are stored and held to be processed later. In these contexts, the queue performs the function of a buffer.

Queue Operations:

enqueue: Adds an item onto the end of the queue.
front: Returns the item at the front of the queue.
dequeue: Removes the item from the front of the queue.

Overflow State: A queue may be implemented to have a bounded capacity. If the queue is full and does not contain enough space to accept an entity to be pushed, the queue is then considered to be in an overflow state.

Underflow State: The dequeue operation removes an item from the top of the queue. A dequeue operation either reveals previously concealed items or results in an empty queue, but, if the queue is empty, it goes into underflow state, which means no items are present in queue to be removed.

Efficiency of Queue

The time needed to add or delete an item is constant and independent of the number of items in the queue. So both addition and deletion can be O(1) operation.


package com.java2novice.ds.queue;

public class QueueImpl {
	
	private int capacity;
	int queueArr[];
	int front = 0;
	int rear = -1;
	int currentSize = 0;
	
	public QueueImpl(int queueSize){
		this.capacity = queueSize;
		queueArr = new int[this.capacity];
	}

	/**
	 * this method adds element at the end of the queue.
	 * @param item
	 */
	public void enqueue(int item) {
		if (isQueueFull()) {
			System.out.println("Overflow ! Unable to add element: "+item);
		} else {
			rear++;
			if(rear == capacity-1){
				rear = 0;
			}
			queueArr[rear] = item;
			currentSize++;
			System.out.println("Element " + item+ " is pushed to Queue !");
		}
	}

	/**
	 * this method removes an element from the top of the queue
	 */
	public void dequeue() {
		if (isQueueEmpty()) {
			System.out.println("Underflow ! Unable to remove element from Queue");
		} else {
			front++;
			if(front == capacity-1){
				System.out.println("Pop operation done ! removed: "+queueArr[front-1]);
				front = 0;
			} else {
				System.out.println("Pop operation done ! removed: "+queueArr[front-1]);
			}
			currentSize--;
		}
	}

	/**
	 * This method checks whether the queue is full or not
	 * @return boolean
	 */
	public boolean isQueueFull(){
		boolean status = false;
		if (currentSize == capacity){
			status = true;
		}
		return status;
	}
	
	/**
	 * This method checks whether the queue is empty or not
	 * @return
	 */
	public boolean isQueueEmpty(){
		boolean status = false;
		if (currentSize == 0){
			status = true;
		}
		return status;
	}
	
	public static void main(String a[]){
		
		QueueImpl queue = new QueueImpl(4);
		queue.enqueue(4);
		queue.dequeue();
		queue.enqueue(56);
		queue.enqueue(2);
		queue.enqueue(67);
		queue.dequeue();
		queue.dequeue();
		queue.enqueue(24);
		queue.dequeue();
		queue.enqueue(98);
		queue.enqueue(45);
		queue.enqueue(23);
		queue.enqueue(435);
	}
}

Output:
Element 4 is pushed to Queue !
Pop operation done ! removed: 4
Element 56 is pushed to Queue !
Element 2 is pushed to Queue !
Element 67 is pushed to Queue !
Pop operation done ! removed: 56
Pop operation done ! removed: 2
Element 24 is pushed to Queue !
Pop operation done ! removed: 67
Element 98 is pushed to Queue !
Element 45 is pushed to Queue !
Element 23 is pushed to Queue !
Overflow ! Unable to add element: 435
Next Program >>

List of Queue Data Structure Examples

  1. Queue introduction & array based implementation
  2. Dynamic Queue implementation using arrays
  3. Double-ended queue (Decue) Implementation
  4. Double-ended queue (Decue) implementation using Doubly linked list
  5. Priority Queue introduction and Java implementation
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About Author

I'm Nataraja Gootooru, programmer by profession and passionate about technologies. All examples given here are as simple as possible to help beginners. The source code is compiled and tested in my dev environment.

If you come across any mistakes or bugs, please email me to [email protected].

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Reference: Java™ Platform Standard Ed. 7 - API Specification | Java™ Platform Standard Ed. 8 - API Specification | Java is registered trademark of Oracle.
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